CHAPTER THREE AND FOUR RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DATA ANALYSIS ON THE RADIO AS A MEDIUM OF CAMPAIGN FOR SEX EDUCATION IN BONNY LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, RIVERS STATE
CHAPTER THREE AND FOUR
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DATA ANALYSIS ON
THE RADIO AS A MEDIUM OF CAMPAIGN FOR SEX EDUCATION IN BONNY LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, RIVERS STATE
3.0 Introduction
In this chapter, the procedure with which the research was executed is highlighted such as the research design, population of the study, sampling, instrument for data collection and the method of data analysis.
3.1 Research Design
The survey design was adopted, since the research necessitated the sampling of opinions, perception and disposition of the population of the study. The survey method is most suitable because it can be applied in studying both small and large population. It enables the researcher elicit the views of the people as regards the issue in question.
3.2 Population of the study
The population of this study covers the residents of Oloma village, Finima village and Light House community in finima, all in Bonny Local Government Area.
The population of residents of Oloma village, Finima village and Light House community in Bonnys Local Government Area is 6000 (NLNG, 2013).
3.3 Sampling Procedure
The probability sampling procedure was used for this study. Considering the nature and size of the population of this study, the type of probability sampling adopted was the random sampling techniques.
The Taro Yamane formula was employed to arrive at a workable sample size for this population. The formula is cited below;
n= N/ 1+N (e) 2
Where n= the sample size
N= the given population
e= limit of the tolerable error (5%)
1= unity (a constant)
This applies as follows: for Oloma House, Finima House and Light House
N= 6000
e= 5%= 0.05
it shows that
n = 6000/ 1+6000(0.05)2
n = 6000/ 1+6000(0.0025)
n = 6000/ 1+15
n = 6000/16
n = 375
n=375
The sample size for this research is 375 persons.
3.4 Research Instrument
The research instrument used for the study was questionnaire, it contains 17 close ended questions.
The questionnaire was self-administered. It took the researcher three (3) weeks to retrieve the filled copies of the questionnaire from the respondents, some of which were lost, not properly filled or not returned.
3.5 Validity and Reliability
The research instrument was validated by my supervisor. Who was consulted for a validity check on the questionnaire before it was administered. This type of validity is called face validity.
3.6 Method of data collection
Through the review of literature, this researcher was able to gather valuable secondary data that served as a foundation for this research work.
The items were in simple sentences, and structured in closed ended form so as to enable easy and guided response from the respondents to the scope of the research.
The primary data for the study was gotten from the administration of questionnaire. The researcher personally administered the copies of questionnaire to the respondents.
3.7 Method of data analysis
The primary data would be analyzed using the quantitative and qualitative method of analysis. The data collected were analyzed using the weighted mean score (WMS).
The formula is WMS = Ʃfx/Ʃf
Where Ʃ = Summation
Fx = Frequency of score
The score of 3.00 will be used as the criterion for decision on the responses to each item for those items using the five point’s format. Any mean response which is equal to 3.00 or more is positive, while any below 3.00 is negative.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.0 Introduction
This chapter is concerned with the presentation and analysis of data collected from the field of study. The data are tabulated and analyzed in line with the research questions. Three hundred and seventy five (375) respondents were required for this study. The instrument for gathering data was the questionnaire which were distributed to the respondents. Out of the 375 copies administered, only a total of 360 copies were retrieved. This puts the retrieval rate at ninety six percent (96%). 15 copies were either not retrieved or found not useful.
4.1 Data presentation
The data were presented according to the set objectives;
The number of respondents examined was three hundred and sixty (360). Their responses are presented in the tables below.
Table 4.1.1 Demographic Data
S/N
Gender
Respondents
Percentage
1
Male
173
48.1%
2
Female
187
51.9%
3
Total
360
100%
Table 4.1.2Age Distribution of the respondents
S/N
Use of the media
Respondents
Percentage
1
16-20yrs
34
9.4%
2
21-25yrs
26
7.2%
3
26-30yrs
81
22.5%
4
31-35yrs
92
25.6%
5
36-40yrs
73
20.3%
6
40yrs-above
54
15%
Total
360
100%
Table 4.1.3 Demographic data based on respondents’ occupation
S/N
Extent of Use
Respondents
Percentage
1
Civil Servant
117
32.5%
2
Fisherman
109
30.3%
3
Businessman/woman
61
16.9%
4
Politician
56
15.6%
5
Others
17
4.7%
Total
360
100%
Objective 1: To find out whether the people of Bonny Local Government Area listen to radio campaigns.
Table 4.2: Responses on; whether the people of Bonny Local Government Area listen to radio campaigns
S/N
Questionnaire items
SA
5
A
4
U
3
D
2
SD
1
Total
WMS
Remark
1
Residents of Bonny Local Government Area listen to the radio.
58
104
81
74
43
1140
3.2
Accepted
2
Residents of Bonny Local Government Area listen to the radio campaigns frequently.
122
160
34
21
23
1417
3.9
Accepted
Average mean score 1279 3.6 Accepted
Specifically, in response to item 1, the statement was accepted. The total score here is 1140 at a weighted mean score of 3.2.
In response to item 2, the statement posited was accepted. The total score here is 1417 at a weighted mean score of 3.9.
The total for item 3 is 1205 at a weighted mean score of 3.3, the statement was accepted.
The overall Average Mean Score for these three items is 1279with 3.6as the average mean score.
Objective 2: To find out whether the radio carries campaign for sex education in Bonny Local Government Area.
Table 4.3:Responses on: whether the people of Bonny Local Government Area listen to radio campaign
S/N
Questionnaire items
SA
5
A
4
U
3
D
2
SD
1
TOTAL
WMS
REMARKS
3
The radio stations they listen to usually campaign for some issues.
112
57
83
56
52
1201
3.3
Accepted
4
The programmes are sometimes on sexuality.
83
112
48
64
53
1134
3.2
Accepted
5
The radio is used to campaign for sex education.
112
144
48
16
40
1352
3.8
Accepted
Average mean score 1229 3.4 Accepted
The statements posited in items’ 3, 4, and 5where accepted as shown in table 4.3 above.
Average mean score for these items in table 4.3 that sought responses on the extent to people of Bonny Local Government Area listen to radio campaign is 1229 with 3.4.
Objective 3: To ascertain the influence of the radio campaign for sex education on the people of Bonny Local Government Area.
Table 4.4: Responses on the influence of the radio campaign for sex education
SN
Questionnaire items
SA
A
U
D
SD
Total
WMS
Remarks
6
The radio in campaigning for sex education has some effect on the people of Bonny Local Government Area.
81
66
97
64
52
1140
3.2
Accepted
7
The radio in campaigning for sex education has influenced the behaviour and attitude of the people of Bonny Local Government Area toward sexuality.
83
116
17
128
16
1202
3.3
Accepted
8
Radio in campaign for sex education has influenced the behaviour and attitude of the people of Bonny Local Government Area toward sexuality positively.
115
97
64
52
32
1291
3.6
Accepted
Average mean score 1211 3.4 Accepted
In response to item 6, the proposition was accepted. The total score here is 1140 at a weighted mean score 3.2.
The responses to item 7 and 8was positive, the weighted mean scores for these items were above three (3) and as such were accepted.
Average mean score for these items in table 4.4 that sought responses on the influence of the radio campaign for sex education on the people of Bonny Local Government Area is 1211 with 3.4.
Objective 4: To find out the right time for the campaign to be carried out in order for the messages to get the people of Bonny Local Government Area.
Table 4.5: Responses on the right time for the sexuality campaign to be carried
SN
Questionnaire items
SA
A
U
D
SD
Total
WMS
Remarks
9
Sexuality issues are discussed at the right time for the messages to get to the target audience. Within the hours of 12am to 4:30am
82
160
36
58
24
1298
3.6
Accept
10
The target audience for issues of sexuality can be gotten within the day time. i.e. from 8am- 3pm
23
17
64
176
80
807
2.2
Rejected
11
The target audience for issues of sexuality can be gotten within the night. i.e. 4pm- 10pm
48
32
80
84
116
892
2.5
Rejected
12
The target audience for issues of sexuality can be gotten in the early hours of the day from the hours of 12:00 am - 4:30am.
144
96
68
35
17
1395
3.9
Accepted
Average mean score 1304 3.6Accepted
In response to item 9, the proposition was accepted. The total score here is 1298 at a weighted mean score 3.6.
The responses to item 10 and 11 were negative, the weighted mean scores for these items were below three (3) and as such were rejected.
In response to item 12, the statement was accepted. The total score here is 1395 at a weighted mean score 3.9.
Average mean score for these items in table 4.5 that sought responses on theright time of the day campaign for sex education is to be carried so as to get the message across to the target audience is1304 with 3.6.
Objective 5: To ascertain the influence of sex education on the youths of Bonny Island.
Table 4.6: Responses on the influence of sex education on the youths of Bonny Island
SN
Questionnaire items
SA
A
U
D
SD
Total
WMS
Remarks
13
Sex education has influence on the youths of Bonny.
78
96
42
64
80
1108
3.1
Accepted
14
Sex education has positive influence on the youths of Bonny.
80
68
16
160
36
1076
3
Accepted
15
Sex education has positively influenced the behaviour and attitude of youths in Bonny.
80
176
64
19
21
1355
3.8
Accepted
16
Sex education has made the youths in Bonny to be more responsible and moral in their behaviour toward sexuality.
48
76
110
61
65
1061
2.9
Rejected
17
Sex education has helped the youths to develop life skills: such as critical thinking, decision making skills.
80
50
55
159
16
1099
3.1
Accepted
Average mean score 11403.2Accepted
The statements posited in all items presented were accepted except item 16 which was rejected as shown in table 4.6 above.
Average mean score for these items in table 4.6 that sought responses on the influence of sex education on the youths of Bonny Island is 1140 with 3.2.
4.2 Data Analysis and Interpretation.
The research on how the radio can be an effective tool for sexual education campaign using Bonny Island as a case study is invaluable in knowing the following: whether the people of Bonny Local Government Area listen to radio campaigns; whether the radio carries campaign for sex education in Bonny Local Government Area; the influence of the radio campaign for sex education on the people of Bonny Local Government Area; the right time for the campaign to be carried out in order for the messages to get the people of Bonny Local Government Area; the influence of sex education on the youths of Bonny Island.
The research was carried out to provide answers for the research questions raised. Having administered and retrieved the questionnaire successfully, answers were therefore provided for the research questions through the data collected. The data was analyzed using weighted mean score (WMS). The score of 3.00 will be used as the criterion for decision on the responses to each item for those items using the five point’s format. Any mean response which is equal to 3.00 or more is positive, while any below 3.00 is negative.
Research Question 1: Do the people of Bonny Local Government Area listen to radio campaigns?
The researcher was able to get answer to this from the responses presented in Table 4.2. Residents of Bonny Local Government Area listen to the radio, especially to campaigns carried on through the radio.
Research Question 2: Does the radio carry out campaign for sex education in Bonny Local Government Area?
Items 3, 4, and 5 of the questionnaire presented on table 4.3 answer this research question.
Yes, the radio stations they listen to usually campaign for issues that borders on sexuality. This conclusion is derived from responses to the items presented on table 4.3, the average mean score for those items was 3.5, and this shows that the statements in those items were accepted. The radio stations most times are used to deliver education on sexuality and sex related issues.
Research Question 3: What is the influence of the radio campaign for sex education on the people of Bonny Local Government Area?
Answers to this question where gotten using items 6, 7 and 8presented on table 4.4.
The suppositions made by the items analysed on table 4.4 reveals that the radio through campaigns for sexuality education have influenced the people of Bonny positively, to an extent, the radio through campaigns for sex education have influenced the behaviour and attitude of the people of Bonny Local Government Area.
Research Question 4: What is the right time for the campaign to be carried out in order for the messages to get the people of Bonny Local Government Area?
The answer to this research question 4 is gotten from the responses to items 9, 10, 11, and 12presented on table 4.5.
From the responses gotten, it is discovered that the right time for campaigns o issues on sexuality to be discussed is within the hours of 12:00am – 4:30am, because this is the right time the target audience would be available psychologically and relaxed to focus more on issues of sexuality.
Research Question 5: What is the influence of sex education on the youths of Bonny Island?
The answer to this research question 5 is gotten from the responses to items 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17 presented on table 4.5.
From the responses gotten, it is discovered that sex education has made some impacts on the youths of Bonny Island; the only negativity discovered is that most youths have not really made necessary changes in their lives with respects to sexuality.
4.3 Discussion of Findings
Data from the research reveal clearly how the radio can be an effective tool for sexual education campaign using Bonny Island as a case study. The objectives of this study are posed to find out vividly: whether the people of Bonny Local Government Area listen to radio campaigns; whether the radio carries campaign for sex education in Bonny Local Government Area; the influence of the radio campaign for sex education on the people of Bonny Local Government Area; the right time for the campaign to be carried out in order for the messages to get the people of Bonny Local Government Area; the influence of sex education on the youths of Bonny Island.
In summary, in the course of this research work, finding revealed;
Residents of Bonny Local Government Area listen to the radio, especially to campaigns carried on through the radio.
The radio stations they listen to usually campaign for issues that bother on sexuality.
The radio through campaigns for sexuality education have influenced the people of Bonny positively, to an extent, the radio through campaigns for sex education have influenced the behaviour and attitude of the people of Bonny Local Government Area.
The right time for campaigns on issues of sexuality to be discussed is within the hours of 12:00am – 4:30am, because this is the right time the target audience would be available psychologically and relaxed to focus more on issues of sexuality.
It is discovered that sex education has made some impacts on the youths of Bonny Island; the only negativity discovered is that most youths have not really made necessary changes in their lives with respects to sexuality
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